Organization for banking preparation

 Meaning Of Organization
Organization may be defined as any group of individuals, large or small that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in accomplishment of certain common object. [keith Davis]
An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. [Stephen P. Robbins]
Organizations are socio-technical systems with specific objectives of producing goods and services for their clientele. [Rabindra N. Kanungo and Alfred M. Jaeger 
 Characteristics of Organization
1. Social Composition
2. Goal Orientation
3. Differentiated Functions
4. Rational Coordination
5. A system
6. Environment
7. Networks of Individuals
8. Executive Leadership
Types Of Organization
1. On the basis of Purpose of Organization
-Business Organizations 
- Services and Social Organizations
- Government Organizations
- professional Organizations
- Political Organizations
2. On the basis of Area Of Operation
- Local Organizations
- National Organizations
- Regional Organizations

- International Organizations

Meaning and Nature of Organizations Goals

Goals include missions, purposes, objectives, targets, quotas and deadlines [  Fremon E. Kast and James E. Rosenzweing]

Goal is desired future state of affairs. [A. Etzioni

An Organizational goal is a desired state of affairs which the organization attempts to realize. [A. Etzioni 

1. Areas of Goals

2. Related to Future state  of Affairs

3. Environmental Influence

4. Types of Goals

5. Integration of individual and Organizational Goals

Purposes of Organizational Goals 

1. To Provide Guidance and an unified direction 

2. To provide a standard of performance

3. To promote good planning and decision making 

4. To serve as a source of motivation 

5. To influence the structure of the organization

6. To provide an effective mechanism for evaluation and control 

7. To serve as a basic for objectives and policies of the organization

Types Of Organizational Goals

1. Level

    - Mission

    - Strategic Goals

    - Tactical Goals

    - Operational Goals

2. Area

    -Production Goals

    - Marketing Goals

    - Human Resource Goals

    - Financial Goals

3. Time Frame 

    -Long-term Goals

    -Intermediate-term Goals

    - Short-term Goals

4. Formality 

    -Formal Goals

    -Informal Goals

Features of Effective Organizational Goals

1. Well-defined purpose of Goals

2. Specific

3. Measurable

4. Agreed upon or Acceptable

5. Realistic

6. Proper Communication and participation 

7. Consistency

8. Proper Integration of Goals

Goal Formation Process

1. Analyzing Environmental Trends

    -Environment trends   -Total Organizational Development- serial Development of Goals  

   -  Political- Economy           -Financial Goals                                         - Level of Organization

    - Social -Culture                  -Product-Market Mix Goals                      - Level of Department 

    - Competition-Technology   -Working Goals                                         - Level of Personal 

2. Developing Goals for the Organization as a whole

3. Developing a Hierarchy Goals

Approaches To Goal Formation

1. Traditional Approach

    Goal of High Level Management- Goal of Departmental Management- Goals of Low level Employee

2. Participative Approach

    - Diagnosis of the subordinate's job

    - Commitment and Participation

    - Mutual Benefits

    - Periodic Feedback and Counselling

    -others

        . Diagnosis for goal setting readiness

        . Preparation for Goal setting

        . Goal Setting

        . Anticipated Goal Setting Results

3. Developing A Hierarchy of Goals